Shi'a kalmar larabci ce da take nufin “mabiya”. Alkur'ani mai girma yana cewa: "Kuma lalle daga mabiyansa, haƙĩƙa, Ibrahĩm yake." (37:83)
A cikin lafuzzan Musulunci Shi'anci yana nufin wata mazhabar da ta yi imani da cewa Manzon Allah (saww) kafin wafatinsa da wasu lokuta da dama, ciki har da 18 ga Zul-Hijjah , shekara ta ashirin da Hijira - wanda aka fi sani da ranar Ghadir - da kasancewar wani babban taro, wanda aka nada Ali (as) a matsayin magajinsa, wato halifan musulmi da hukumar siyasa da kimiyya da addini bayan Manzon Allah.
Dangane da batun halifanci kuwa, Muhajirun da Ansaru sun kasu kashi biyu bayan wafatin Manzon Allah (saww): wata kungiya ta yi imani da cewa Manzon Allah (saww) bai yi sakaci da batun shugabancin al’ummar Musulmi ba, ya nada magajinsa, Ali Ibn Abi-Talib, mutum na farko da yayi Imani da Annabtar Muhammad (saww). Wannan kungiya ta kunshi wasu daga cikin Muhajirun da Ansar, karkashin jagorancin manya-manyan gidan Bani-Hashim, da kuma wasu daga cikin manyan sahabban manzon Allah, irin su Salman, Abu-Dharr, al-Miqdad, Khabbab ibn al-Aratt. da sauransu; ana kiransu da ‘Yan Shi’a na Ali Amirul Muminin. Hasali ma Annabi mai tsira da amincin Allah ne da kansa ya ba wa mabiya Ali suna. A lokacin da yake nada Ali bn Abi-Talib ya ce: “Ina rantsuwa da wanda raina ke hannunsa, shi (Ali) da mabiyansa (Shi'a) sun tsira a ranar kiyama(ku duba: [1] don haka ‘yan Shi’a su ne musulmin da suka kasance, a farkon Musulunci domin sun yi imani da Wilayah, shugabancin al’ummar Musulmi, Allah ne ya kaddara, wannan mazhabar har yanzu tana da aminci ga bin Annabi da alayensa.
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Don haka matsayin ‘yan Shi’a a fili yake, sabanin da’awar wasu jahilai ko miyagu wadanda suke ganin cewa Shi’anci an qirqiro shi ne daga baya, ba wai a farkon Musulunci ba. Don ƙarin bayani duba littafai kamar haka: Asl al-Shi'ah wa Usuluha, al-Muraja'at, da A'yan al-Shi'ah.
Wata kungiya kuma ta tabbatar da cewa Khalifanci zabe ne. Don haka suka yi mubaya’a ga Abubakar, daga baya kuma aka kira su Ahlus-Sunnah. Don haka sabanin ka’idoji dayawa, bangarorin biyu sun rabu saboda sabanin ra’ayi da suke da shi a kan mas’alar wafatin Annabi. Bangarorin biyu dai wasu daga cikin Muhajirai ne da Ansar ne suka kafa su.
[1] Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti, a cikin al-Durr al-Manthur, juzu'i. 6, ya ruwaito wannan hadisin yayin da yake sharhin ayar Alkur'ani cewa: "(Lalle ne waɗanda suka yi ĩmani, kuma suka aikata ayyukan ƙwarai, waɗannan su ne mafifita alherin halitta.) " (98:6).
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